Working Principle and Technical Characteristics of Inductors

An Inductor operates on the principle that an electric current passing through a conductor generates a magnetic field around it. When the conductor is shaped into a coil, or “spring,” the magnetic flux inside the coil aligns, thereby increasing the magnetic field. The inductance is proportional to the number of turns in the coil.

According to the law of electromagnetic induction, a changing magnetic field induces an electric current. The relationship is mathematically expressed by the equation:
E=L(didt)E = L \left(\frac{di}{dt}\right)E=L(dtdi​)
Where:
E represents the counter electromotive force (EMF).

L is the self-inductance of the inductor is the rate of change of current over time.The behavior of an inductor is characterized by its ability to impede AC, but not DC. This is due to the counter EMF generated in the inductor, which is proportional to the rate of change of current. This unique feature is why inductors are often used in AC circuits as impedance, filtering, and tuning elements.