High-Frequency Transformer Design: Minimizing Leakage Inductance and Capacitance

A transformer functions by transforming AC voltage, current, and impedance. Its primary coil generates AC flux when current flows through it, which induces voltage or current in the secondary coil. The transformer consists of an iron core and two or more coils.

In high-frequency transformer design, minimizing leakage inductance and distributed capacitance is crucial. These factors, when unchecked, can lead to surge currents, voltage spikes, and oscillations during transmission, which result in significant energy losses. Typically, the leakage inductance of transformers is controlled to be 1% to 3% of the primary inductance to maintain efficiency.