High-Frequency Transformers: Balancing Capacitance, Inductance, and Insulation

A transformer consists of a magnetic core and two or more windings, with the primary coil connected to the power supply. In high-frequency transformer design, the goal is to minimize leakage inductance and distributed capacitance. Leakage inductance arises from imperfect coupling of magnetic flux between windings, while distributed capacitance occurs between the transformer’s coils and shielding layers. 

To mitigate these issues, primary windings should be placed in the innermost layer to reduce wire length and capacitance. Adding insulating layers between the primary and secondary windings also improves insulation resistance and reduces capacitance, ensuring a more efficient and stable design.