Optimizing Transformer Design: Strategies for Minimizing Leakage and Capacitance

Transformers are vital components in electrical systems, converting AC voltage, current, and impedance. The high-frequency transformer design process requires careful attention to leakage inductance and distributed capacitance to ensure efficiency, especially in switching power supplies where high-frequency pulse signals are transmitted. 

Leakage inductance is caused by imperfect coupling between the primary and secondary windings, and distributed capacitance arises between winding turns, layers, and shields. By strategically placing the primary winding at the innermost layer and using insulating pads for the secondary winding, designers can reduce capacitance and improve insulation strength, thereby enhancing transformer performance and reliability.